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Cornelis de Houtman (
April 2 1565 - August 1599), brother of Frederick de Houtman, was a Netherlands explorer who discovered a new sea route from Europe to Indonesia and managed to begin the Dutch spice trade. At the time, the
Portuguese Empire held a monopoly on the spice trade, and the voyage was a symbolic victory for the Dutch, even though the voyage itself was a disaster.
The voyage
In
1592 Cornelis de Houtman was sent by Amsterdam merchants to
Lisbon to discover as much information on the Spice Islands as he could. At the same time as he returned to Amsterdam,
Jan Huygen van Linschoten returned from India. The merchants determined that Bantam (city) (
Banten) provided the best opportunity to buy spices. In 1594 the merchants founded the company 'compagnie van Verre' (meaning "the long-distance company"), and on April 2
1595 four ships left Amsterdam:
Amsterdam,
Hollandia,
Mauritius and
Duyfken.
The voyage was beset with trouble from the beginning.
Scurvy broke out after only a few weeks due to insufficient provisions. Due to quarrels among the captains and traders, several were killed or imprisoned onboard. At Madagascar, where a brief stop was planned, further complications led to many more deaths, and the boat remained there for six months on a deathwatch. (The Madagascan bay where they were anchored is now known as the "Dutch Cemetery".) On June 27, the ships finally arrived at
Banten, a northwestern port in
Java (island). Only around a hundred of the original 249 men had survived the voyage.
The local Portuguese traders introduced de Houtman to the Banten
sultan, who promptly entered into an optimistic treaty with the Dutch, writing "We are well content to have a permanent league of alliance and friendship with His Highness the Prince
Maurice of Nassau and with you, gentlemen." Unfortunately, de Houtman was undiplomatic and insulting to the sultan, and was turned away for "rude behaviour" without being able to buy any spices at all.
The ships then sailed east to Madura, but were attacked by pirates on the way. In Madura, they were received peacefully, but de Houtman ordered his men to brutally attack and rape the civilian population in revenge for the unrelated earlier piracy.
The ships then sailed for Bali, and met with the region's king. They finally managed to obtain a few pots of peppercorns on
February 26 1597.
Portugal ships prevented them from taking in water and supplies at
St. Helena. Out of the 249 man crew, only 87 returned, too weak to moor their ships themselves.
Repercussions
Though the trip was a humanitarian disaster and financially probably just broke even, it was a symbolic victory. It may be regarded as the start of the Dutch colonisation of Indonesia. Within five years, sixty-five more Dutch ships had gone East to trade. Soon, the Dutch would fully take over the spice trade in and around the
Indian Ocean.
See also
Cornelis de Houtman (
April 2 1565 - August 1599), brother of Frederick de Houtman, was a
Netherlands explorer who discovered a new sea route from Europe to
Indonesia and managed to begin the Dutch spice trade. At the time, the
Portuguese Empire held a monopoly on the spice trade, and the voyage was a symbolic victory for the Dutch, even though the voyage itself was a disaster.
The voyage
In 1592 Cornelis de Houtman was sent by Amsterdam merchants to Lisbon to discover as much information on the Spice Islands as he could. At the same time as he returned to Amsterdam, Jan Huygen van Linschoten returned from India. The merchants determined that
Bantam (city) (Banten) provided the best opportunity to buy spices. In 1594 the merchants founded the company 'compagnie van Verre' (meaning "the long-distance company"), and on
April 2 1595 four ships left Amsterdam:
Amsterdam,
Hollandia,
Mauritius and
Duyfken.
The voyage was beset with trouble from the beginning. Scurvy broke out after only a few weeks due to insufficient provisions. Due to quarrels among the captains and traders, several were killed or imprisoned onboard. At Madagascar, where a brief stop was planned, further complications led to many more deaths, and the boat remained there for six months on a deathwatch. (The Madagascan bay where they were anchored is now known as the "Dutch Cemetery".) On
June 27, the ships finally arrived at Banten, a northwestern port in
Java (island). Only around a hundred of the original 249 men had survived the voyage.
The local Portuguese traders introduced de Houtman to the Banten sultan, who promptly entered into an optimistic treaty with the Dutch, writing "We are well content to have a permanent league of alliance and friendship with His Highness the Prince
Maurice of Nassau and with you, gentlemen." Unfortunately, de Houtman was undiplomatic and insulting to the sultan, and was turned away for "rude behaviour" without being able to buy any spices at all.
The ships then sailed east to Madura, but were attacked by pirates on the way. In Madura, they were received peacefully, but de Houtman ordered his men to brutally attack and rape the civilian population in revenge for the unrelated earlier piracy.
The ships then sailed for Bali, and met with the region's king. They finally managed to obtain a few pots of peppercorns on
February 26 1597. Portugal ships prevented them from taking in water and supplies at
St. Helena. Out of the 249 man crew, only 87 returned, too weak to moor their ships themselves.
Repercussions
Though the trip was a humanitarian disaster and financially probably just broke even, it was a symbolic victory. It may be regarded as the start of the Dutch colonisation of Indonesia. Within five years, sixty-five more Dutch ships had gone East to trade. Soon, the Dutch would fully take over the spice trade in and around the
Indian Ocean.
See also
Cornelis de Houtman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cornelis de Houtman (April 2, 1565, Gouda - August 1599, Atjeh), brother of Frederick de Houtman, was a Dutch explorer who discovered a new sea route from Europe to Indonesia and ...
Frederick de Houtman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
De Houtman was the elder brother of Cornelis de Houtman who in a second expedition in 1598-1599 was killed. Frederick was imprisoned by the Sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra, but made ...
Cornelis de Houtman - Wikipedia
Cornelis de Houtman (Gouda, 2 april 1565 - Atjeh, 11 september 1599) was een Nederlandse ontdekkingsreiziger, die als eerste Nederlander naar Indië voer.
Cornelis de Houtman – Wikipedia
Cornelis de Houtman (* 2. April 1565 in Gouda; † 1. September 1599 auf Sumatra) war ein niederländischer Forscher. Er entdeckt eine neue Seeroute von Europa nach Indonesien und ...
Cornelis de Houtman - Wikipédia
Cornelis de Houtman (2 avril 1565 - août 1599) était un explorateur néerlandais, frère de Frederick de Houtman. Il découvrit une nouvelle route maritime reliant l' Indonésie ...
Cornelis de Houtman - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Cornelis de Houtman (2 de abril de 1565 - agosto de 1599) fue un explorador neerlandés, hermano de Frederick de Houtman. Descubrió una nueva ruta marítima para unir Indonesia y ...
Cornelis and Frederik de Houtman -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Britannica online encyclopedia article on Cornelis and Frederik de Houtman:brothers who navigated and led the first Dutch trading expedition to the East Indies, an area whose trade ...
Waterscoutinggroep Cornelis de Houtman [welkom!]
De website van scoutinggroep Cornelis de Houtman uit Gouda ... Dé waterscoutinggroep die midden in de maatschappij wil staan en kinderen een plezierige tijd wil geven op en rond ...
Phrase index for "houtman"
Phrase index for "houtman" cornelis de houtman: frederik de houtman: marques houtman: cornelis houtman: houtman abrolhos
Cornelis de Houtman - Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre
Cornelis de Houtman (2 de Abril de 1565 - Agosto de 1599) foi um explorador marítimo dos Países Baixos que descobriu uma nova rota da Europa até à Indonésia.
